1. Technical principle of zero backlash transmission
"Zero backlash" transmission is the core guarantee for precision machine tools to achieve micron-level positioning, and polyurethane synchronous belts perfectly solve the gap problem existing in traditional transmission methods through the synergistic effect of multiple technologies.
Precision meshing mechanism is the basis for polyurethane synchronous belts to achieve zero backlash. Unlike ordinary V-belts that rely on friction transmission, synchronous belts transmit power through the geometric meshing of belt teeth and pulley teeth. The tooth shape of polyurethane synchronous belts is specially designed, with arc or trapezoidal cross-sections, forming a highly consistent contact surface with the pulley teeth. When the driving wheel rotates, the meshing surface of the belt teeth and the wheel teeth always maintains close contact, eliminating the empty travel during reverse motion.
The preload control system is the key to maintaining the zero backlash state. When installing the polyurethane synchronous belt, appropriate tension needs to be applied to keep the belt body in a certain elastic stretch during operation. This preload needs to be precisely controlled - too much will accelerate the wear of the bearings and belt teeth, and too little may cause loose meshing. Practice shows that the optimal preload usually makes the deflection of the synchronous belt in a static state 1%-1.5% of its span.
Dynamic error compensation technology pushes zero backlash transmission to a new height. Modern CNC systems can indirectly judge the slight deformation of the synchronous belt transmission system by real-time monitoring of the torque fluctuation of the spindle servo motor, and perform dynamic compensation accordingly. This software and hardware collaborative solution enables the polyurethane synchronous belt transmission system to maintain a repeatable positioning accuracy of less than 0.003mm when the machining center changes direction quickly.
2. Innovation in material science and structural design
The ability of polyurethane synchronous belts to achieve excellent zero backlash performance not only depends on the precise meshing principle, but also stems from the continuous innovation of its material formulation and structural design. The progress of material science and manufacturing technology has continuously broken through the performance boundaries of synchronous belts, providing unprecedented transmission solutions for precision machine tools.
The development of high-performance polyurethane composite materials is the core foundation of zero backlash synchronous belts. Traditional rubber synchronous belts are difficult to meet the requirements of precision transmission due to large material creep and poor temperature resistance. The new generation of polyurethane elastomers has achieved a breakthrough in key performance through molecular structure design.
3. Daily maintenance points
Regular inspection:
Check belt cracks and tooth root cracks every week
Measure belt length change every month, elongation ≤2%
Check pulley wear every quarter, tooth shape change ≤0.1mm
Cleaning and maintenance:
Use neutral detergent to avoid solvent erosion
Remove chips in time to prevent embedding between teeth
Environmental control:
Working temperature -20℃ to 80℃
Avoid oil mist concentration >5mg/m³
Ultraviolet protection (outdoor application)
Tooth surface wear:
Phenomenon: Tooth top becomes pointed, pitch increases
Reason: Overload or insufficient tension
Countermeasure: Adjust tension and check pulley
Tensile layer rupture:
Phenomenon: Longitudinal crack
Reason: Impact load or insufficient minimum pulley diameter
Countermeasure: Check system inertia matching
Edge wear:
Phenomenon: Belt edge material falls off
Reason: Poor centering or guide device problem
Countermeasure: Recalibrate
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